Métodos educativos indígenas para una didáctica de las ciencias naturales en perspectiva intercultural

Resumo

The article presents research results on indigenous educational methods that can be integrated into school content, in order to move towards a didactic approach with an intercultural perspective, which favors the teaching and learning processes of natural sciences, which have historically been monocultural and hegemonic. The incorporation of indigenous educational methods into school education would enable the contextualization of knowledge in contexts of social and cultural diversity. The study adopts a qualitative approach, which through semi-structured interviews with three wise Mapuche men and three traditional educators, inquires about the ways of learning used in indigenous family and community education. The information was analyzed using the content analysis technique. The main results show two educational methods that can be linked to natural science teaching: 1) Inatuzugu, which refers to learning mediated by observation and experimentation; and 2) Experiential learning, which is related to learning in real situations. The main conclusions highlight the urgency of linking indigenous educational methods to natural science teaching, in order to enable teaching and learning processes with an intercultural perspective, offering pedagogical practices with cultural significance that are territorially relevant in indigenous educational contexts